Rediscovering the Sword: The Rise of HEMA in Modern Times
Historical European Martial Arts (HEMA) is a term that encompasses the martial traditions of Europe, practiced from the medieval period through the Renaissance and even into the early modern era. Unlike modern sport fencing, which evolved into a codified Olympic discipline, HEMA is based on the reconstruction of historical fighting systems found in centuries-old manuals and treatises written by European masters-at-arms. These include German, Italian, Spanish, and English traditions, among others.
At the heart of HEMA is a deep respect for historical authenticity. Practitioners study texts such as Johannes Liechtenauer’s Zettel, Fiore dei Liberi’s Fior di Battaglia, and George Silver’s Paradoxes of Defence, attempting to interpret and bring to life the combat techniques described within. These manuals cover a wide range of weapons: the longsword, rapier, sabre, sword and buckler, polearms, and even unarmed combat.
Modern HEMA is both an academic and physical pursuit. On one hand, it is a form of historical research, requiring linguistic skills, historical knowledge, and interpretive reasoning. On the other, it is a highly dynamic martial art that includes drilling, sparring, and even tournament competition. Events like Swordfish (Sweden), Longpoint (USA), and the European Games attract skilled fighters from around the world and help legitimize HEMA as a serious combat sport.
One of the unique aspects of HEMA is its inclusivity. There are no centralized governing bodies imposing strict style or uniform requirements, allowing for a wide diversity of approaches. Some focus on historical accuracy and reenactment, while others emphasize competitive fighting. Protective gear—such as fencing masks, padded jackets, and gloves—ensures safety during training and sparring.
The resurgence of HEMA in the 21st century reflects a growing interest in both martial tradition and living history. As more manuscripts are digitized and translated, the community continues to grow, fueled by a passion for rediscovery. Whether one is drawn by the thrill of the fight, the academic challenge, or the romance of the sword, HEMA offers a rich, rewarding experience rooted in Europe’s forgotten martial past.
This article was written with AI assistance and reviewed by a human.